Biography of Socrates

Biography of Socrates

Socrates [479-399 BC]

The day was over. Two people were moving faster than him. They must reach Delphi before darkness falls. One is called Cherephone. ( Chaerephon ) Medieval Greek. At ten, Delphine stopped in the courtyard of the great temple. The worshiper of the temple came forward as soon as he entered the stairs. Chaerephon looked at him and said, I have come to inquire of my god. The priest said, you go in front of the statue of Lord Apple and introduce yourself and say what do you want to know? The ugly man came forward first and said, I am Socrates, sir, I know nothing.

Now Chaerephon introduced himself and said, O Almighty God, you tell me who is the greatest sage of Greece? As soon as Cherphone finished speaking, a divine message came from the sky shaking all around. Socrates, who knows himself, was born (469/463 BC) to Sophroniscus an architect. He used to make various stone idols. Mother Phaenarete was a midwife. Even if both the parents were engaged in two professions, there was still lack in the family.

Biography of Socrates

So instead of studying, I had to take stone cutting work in my childhood. But the indomitable passion for knowledge is Socrates. When he gets the opportunity to know, he accumulates knowledge. Several years passed like this. One day he met a rich man by chance. He was impressed by Socrates’ polite and sweet behavior, intelligent speech and took responsibility for his studies.

Leaving the stone work, Socrates joined Anaxagoras ( Anaagoras ), a teacher. After a few days, when Anaxagoras was accused in the court, Socrates became the disciple of Arch Ekhlas. At this time Greece was divided into small kingdoms. As a result, there were fights, wars, and power conflicts. Every young, young, capable man of the country had to go to war. Socrates also had to go to Amphipolis with the Athenian army.

Joining all for bravery in this war, his mind gradually became averse to war. He returned to Athens after abandoning his military service as always. At that time, Athens was one of the best countries in the world with knowledge, pride, trade, bravery and valor. A golden age of art, literature and culture. In this environment, Socrates could not keep himself away from the world of knowledge. He decided to devote himself to the pursuit of knowing the nature of the world through the practice of knowledge.

Biography of Socrates

He used to wake up every morning after having a little breakfast and went out. Bare feet, a thick cloth was wrapped around the body. Sometimes he used to go and sit in a shop in the city, in a temple or at a friend’s house. Socrates could be found wherever there was a crowd of people in the city. Pran is talking with people. Chatting, sometimes asking questions, he used to act as if he didn’t know or understand anything. Asking people to know. Actually questioning, arguing was the business of a class of people of that era. They were called sophists. They used to talk big about money.

Those who were proud of their scholarship, boasted of bravery, he directly asked, what do they understand by bravery? What is the nature of scholarship? When they answered something, he would ask again. He used to arrange question after question to explain how wrong their ideas were. How full of false pride they are. All of them became angry with Socrates because their nature was revealed in this way. But Socrates was not in the least disturbed by it. He had steadfast faith in his own ideals, truth. Along with that, there was extreme indifference towards wealth.

Once his friend wanted to give him a large piece of land in Alcibiades to build a residence. Socrates returned his friend’s donation and said to Socrates, I need a shoe and you are giving me a skin – I don’t know what to do with it. 

Indifference to worldly wealth brought peace to his philosophical life as much as it brought turmoil to his family life. But he was equally indifferent towards her.

Biography of Socrates

His wife Xanthiphe was a terribly angry woman who could not accept Socrates’ indifference in marital affairs. One day Socrates was reading a book with deep concentration. Janathipi started abusing in great annoyance. For a while, Socrates did not listen to his wife’s words. But at last he could not keep his patience anymore and went out and started reading the book again. Janathipi could not bear it anymore and brought a bucket of water and poured it on his head.

Socrates smiled gently and said, I already knew that when there is so much thunder, there will be rain in the end. Besides Xanthippe, Socrates had another wife, her name was Myrto . Three children were born to him from two wives. Even in poverty he showed no indifference towards their sustenance and education.

He believed that education is the best wealth of man. It is in education that the inner light of knowledge is revealed. Man can know the truth only through knowledge. When the nature of truth is revealed to him, he commits no more sins. All sins are born from ignorance. He wanted to remove the ignorance of people’s minds and awaken the sense of judgment in them. Those who can properly control their actions.

Biography of Socrates

His aim was to help people realize that truth through discussion questions. Philosophers named the method of judging arguments through words as the Dialectic Method . Socrates initiated this method. He developed Nyaya Shastra. Many people of the country did not see the ideal of Socrates. They misunderstood Socrates. Moreover, those who thought themselves superior in the pride of wealth and valor education, standing in front of Socrates, the shell of their pride would fall.

In this way, the people of the elite class became bitterly opposed to Socrates because of their self-discovery. In their plot, the civil court of the country brought charges against Socrates (399 BC). The main accusation against him was that he was trying to deny the existence of the traditional gods of Athens and introduce new gods. Second, he has misguided the youth of the country. Another reason for the accusations against Tanal was the 27-year war with Sparta. The religious people of that time thought that this defeat must be due to the curse of the gods and the god-hating teaching of Socrates was responsible for it.

Three noble citizens of Athens called Meletul, Lycon, Anytus came to accuse Socrates. A jury of 501 people was formed under the chairmanship of the discussion to try this complaint. Socrates gave a long speech before this jury. It is not known what his opponent said. Plato wrote down the confession of Socrates. In an astonishingly beautiful narrative, this work of depth of speech is one of the greatest treasures of world literature.

Biography of Socrates

– O Athenians, I do not know how you heard the speech of my accusers, but I was astonished at their speech, although there was not a trace of truth in their speech. I am presenting my statement in response to this. i am I don’t know how to use elegant language like the complainers. Let me reveal the truth only in the interest of justice. Why am I disappointed in my countrymen? A long time ago I heard the oracle in the temple of Delphi and I thought what does it mean? I am not wise, but why should the goddess take me to the goddess and say, look, there is a wiser man than me. 

Socrates Biography in Bengali

I started looking for wise people. I noticed the exact same thing. From there I went to the poets. Talking to them I realized that they are really ignorant. They create everything from God-given power and inspiration, not from knowledge. In the end I went to the artists and craftsmen. They know many things that I don’t know. But like the Kabids, they also considered themselves extremely knowledgeable in all matters and this delusion covered their real knowledge.

I have made many enemies for this quest. People slandered me saying that I am the only wise one but by then I understood the meaning of the prophecy. Human knowledge is so insignificant. God used my name as an example to say that the wisest among you who knows like Socrates, who knows the truth is worthless.

Biography of Socrates

I am sure that I have earned the dislike and enmity of many, and that my ultimate punishment will be for this enmity, and not for Meletus or Anytus. The punishment, if any, will be for the jealousy and suspicion of the crowd which has killed many righteous men before me, and will probably kill many more. There is no reason to think that I am the last to say them…… Therefore, citizens of Athens, I say either listen to Intus or accept. Either release me or don’t, but you can rest assured that I will not change the course of my life.

God sent me to attack this country. State is a noble horse. He was slow for his large size and needed bees to wake him up, to quicken his pace. I think that I am the bee sent by God. I am always pricking your flesh and instilling sound thoughts in you, encouraging you with reason and keeping everyone active with rebuke.

Biography of Socrates

Friends, leaving aside the possibility and impossibility, it is inappropriate to plead with the judges to get release or to avoid punishment. It is our duty to instill conviction in their minds by offering freedom, the duty of judges is to judge justice. Friendship is not in the name of justice. I believe in God, more than my accusers do. So far I have spoken before God and you. Let it be the judgment that is best for you and me.

But in the trial, Socrates was found guilty by a vote of 281-220. In Athens during that period, when an accused was found guilty, he was given a choice between two punishments. But Socrates believed he was innocent, so after the verdict was pronounced he replied, O Athenians, shall I offer a retribution? Isn’t that what I deserve? 

Biography of Socrates

I have come to each of you personally, it is only for your welfare. I thought of the interests of Athens before I thought of my personal interests. This is how I want to benefit you. It is my last wish that the beneficiary should be supported at the government expense.

The jury became more angry at this speech of Socrates. They think that Socrates is mocking them. Many others turned against him and he was sentenced to death in the trial.

Socrates was not so upset after hearing that terrible verdict. He said calmly, now it is time for all of us to leave, but I will go to death, you will go to life. Life or death – only God can say who is better? 

Socrates Biography in Bengali

Crito was the richest of Socrates’ friends. He bribed the prison guards and advised Socrates to flee to another country. But Socrates believed that every citizen of the country has a duty to obey the law of the country. Fleeing to another country in defiance of a court order is showing disrespect for the law. Moreover, it will make everyone think that Socrates is really guilty. The judges did the right thing by convicting him. On the morning of his death, the disciples came to the prison one by one.

He took a bath and came back. The sun has fallen in the western sky. In a moment, the employee came to the door like an angel of death. Crying in deep pain, Socrates announced that it was time to poison him. As Crito pointed to the courtier standing outside, the executioner entered the room, his pot of poison in hand. Socrates took the pot with a smile. He prayed to God for the last time without any bitterness and then drank all the poison.

Biography of Socrates

Then he started walking in the room under the orders of the executioner. Slowly the poison began to spread throughout his body. The legs became heavy. He lay down on the bed immobile. He covered his face with cloth. All quiet for a few moments. Socrates traveled through death to immortality. After his death, the people of Athens burst into anger and grief.

The sound of curses was heard all around. The group of judges became isolated everywhere. Many committed suicide out of regret. Among the complainants Menetes was beaten to death, others were banished from the country. The people of the country erected a huge statue to pay respect to him.

In fact, Socrates was the world’s first philosopher , thinker who had to die for his philosophy. But though his mortal body ended in death, his thoughts did not end. With the death of his disciple Plato’s disciple Aristotle, a new world of thought was created which has excited people in today’s world.

 

 

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